Butter-churn.



No. 813,325. PATENTED FEB. 20, 1906.

c. M. RUNYAN.

BUTTER OHURN.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 10, 1905.

WITNESSES: I INVENTOR Fkgp. L. KOE'HLJER ay R1011 a/n ATTORNEY A UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFIUOIE.

. BUTTER-CHURN. I

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 20, 1906.

Application filed August 10,1905. Serial No. 273,664.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CLAY MORTON RUN- YAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Elyria, in the county of Lorain and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Butter-Chums, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to churns, and has particular reference to theconstruction of the dasher and the relative arrangement of the blades orpaddles thereof.

The object of the invention is to provide a construction which willproduce a maximum of agitation with a minimum of parts and to rovide forthe free admission of air into and throughout the body of the cream.

Another object of the invention is to provide a dasher which through itsoperation upon the body of cream will tend to draw or force air into thechurn and to permit the prompt escape of the gas which is generated bythe agitation of the cream. An important factor in the production ofgood butter is to supply the vacuums produced by the escaping gases withpure air as promptly as possible; and my invention is designed to notonly intensify the conditions which tend to produce the gases byagitation, but to facilitate the escape of the gases and theirinstantaneous replacement with air.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a constructionwhich entirely eliminates metal parts from the interior of the churn byproviding a dasher the hub and blades or paddles of which are made ofwood and of such form that the dasher may readily be made from a singleblock or piece of wood.

The invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement ofparts hereinafter described in detail, illustrated in the drawings, andincorporated in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate my invention, Figure 1 isan elevation, partly in section, of a churn embodying my invention. Fig.2 shows the upper part of the churn, takenon a vertical plane at rightangles to the vertical plane of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of thechurn. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken substantially on line X X ofFig. 1. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the dasher, and Fig. 6 shows thedetails of the cover-latch.

. the sides of the vessel;

Referring to the drawings, 2 represents a churn-body of ordinaryconstruction.

3 3 are four wedge-shaped strips of wood fastened vertically to theinner wall of the body or receptacle 2 by means of screws passingthrough the sides of the vessel from the outside and partly through thestrips 3. The latter are breakers arranged to prevent uniform rotationof the body of cream around A. thrust-bearing 5, made of wood, issecured to the bottom 6 of the vessel through a mortise-and-tenonconnection, as shown in Fig. 1. The shaft 7, supported in said bearing,carries a series of paddles 8 8, 9 9, 10 and 10. These paddles arearranged in pairs, each pair having an integral hub. The pair 10 10 isintegral with the hub 11, secured to the shaft 7 by means of a woodenpin 12, which passes through hub 11 and shaft 7. The pair 8 8 isintegral with the hub 13, which is secured by means of a pin 14, and thepair 9 9 is integral with the hub 15, secured to the shaft by means of apin 16. The pairs 9 9 and 10 10 are arranged in the same vertical plane,and the pair 8 8 is arranged in a plane at right angles to the plane ofthe other pairs. The upper end of the shaft extends through the coverfor the vessel 2, and said cover is made in two semicircular parts 17and 18, in the meeting edges of which are recesses which together form acircular opening for the shaft. The latter has upon its upper end amitergear 19, meshing with a similar, but prefer ably larger, gear 20,mounted on a shaft 21, having its bearing in a bracket 22, suitablysecured to the part 18 of the cover. The bracket 22 is constructed toprovide a bearing for the extreme upper end of the shaft 7, as well asfor the shaft 21. The bearing for shaft 7 is in the form of a horizontalbar having a pair of legs 24 24 projecting upwardly from the base of thebracket 22. 25 is the crank by means of which the dasher is rotated. Thetwo parts of the cover are seated in an annular recess 26 in the form ofa rabbet cut in the upper edge of the vessel or tub 2. The part 18,which carries the bearings for the driving-gear shafts, is removablyfastened in place by means of two straps 27 and 28, the former securedto the vessel or tub 3 and the latter to the part 18. In the strap 27 isan eye 29, which receives a hook portion of the strap 28. The coverportion 17 is provided with a knob 31, by means of which it may beraised, so that access may be had to the interior of the tub. The part17, being entirely free of the part 18, the latter and the bearingsthereon are not ordinarily disturbed for the purpose of opening thechurn. To remove the dasher, the cover portion 18 is tilted slightly toraise the lower end of the shaft out of its socket in the bearing 5 andto permit release of the hook 30. The usual drainhole 32, normallyclosed by a plug 33 and provided with a spout 34, is provided fordraining the buttermilk or water used for wash-ing the interior of thechurn.

The most important feature of my improved churn resides in the formationand arrangement of the paddles of the dasher. As shown in Fig. 5, thesepaddles are all in clined, the inclinations being in the direction ofrotation of the shaft 7, but the inclinations of the upper and lowersurfaces of the different paddles vary for the purpose of counteractingthe tendency to rotary motion in the body of cream which the paddleswould otherwise induce. The paddles 8 and 8 are, to that end, not onlyarranged at different angles of inclination relatively to each other,but at different angles relatively to the other paddles. The paddles Sand 8 are, furthermore, in the form of boards of uniform thicknessesthroughout, while the paddles 9 9 and 10 10 are wedge-shaped. Again thepair of paddles 9 9 have both their upper and lower surfaces arranged ininclined planes, while the paddles 1O 10 have their lower surfacesarranged in horizontal planes. I do not wish to be understood asconfining myself to the exact arrangement of paddle-surfaces describedin the foregoing, because each paddle may have each of its surfacesarranged in a plane not occupied by any of the surfaces of the otherpaddles, the essence of the arrangement residing in the variations ofinclination which prevents the formation of uniform currents and inducesthe greatest possible agitation with the production of vacuums andconsequent induction of air at a rapid rate. The inclinations of thepaddles carries successive portions of cream upwardly, leaving vacuumsunderneath, and the variations of inclination cause the cream thuslifted up an incline to be dashed against a succeeding surface having adifferent incline, thus suddenly changing its direction of motion andincreasingv the agitation or the process of breaking up the globules.Provision is made for the prompt admission of air to the vacant spaceswhich are created by the paddles in the form of a series of holes 35,extending vertically through the different paddles. Similar holes 36 arealso made through the paddle-hubs. as shown in Fig. 1 by dotted lines,are open to the bottom of the tub or vessel 2 by being arranged so thatthey are at least partially lateral of the upper surface of bearing 5.To further insure free passage of air downwardly through the tubes 36, Ileave a suitable space between the lowest hub 15 and the bearing 5. Allof the paddles have comparatively sharp forward edges, which aredesigned to separate the cream, a part of which slides up the inclinedupper face of the paddle, then comes in contact with the upper face ofthe next higher paddle. Between the separated parts of the cream or, inother words, underneath each paddle a vacant space is formed, and as theupwardly-moving portion or the cream is immediately caught on thefollowing paddle a fair share of said portion will be elevated to ingsomething like that of a water-screw, except that there is a gap betweeneach paddle and its next succeeding paddle, and air is freely admittedthrough the holes in the paddles underneath the portions of cream whichare carried upwardly. The relative arrangement of the under surfaces ofthe different paddles also, by reason of their varying inclinationsrelatively to each other, exert considerable influence towardintensifying the agitation by deflecting the currents that strike saidsurfaces. This complete agitation of the mass of cream, together withthe constant admission of air, and thereby the maintenance of a uniformtemperature throughout the body of liquid, are the two most importantconditions requisite for the rapid formation of a uniform quality ofbutter;

Another important advantage derived from the construction of my dasheris that the wedge action of the paddles effects thorough agitation ofthe cream with a comparatively small amount of resistance upon theoperating-crank. This resistance is so light that a child can operatethe churn with ease. The action produced by the dasher upon a body ofcream is such that the churn may be thoroughly washed by simply pouringthe water or washing compound into the churn and working the dasher aswhen churn ing butter.

The board-dashers 8 and 8 may be made with sharp or knife edges, ifpreferred. Tlhe same is true of the wedge-shaped padd es.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by-Letters Patent, is

In a churn, a dasher consisting of a rotary shaft, a series of pairs ofpaddles having integral hubs mounted on said shaft, each of said the topof the highest paddle, the action be The latter holes,

paddles having a face, 01' faces, arranged in a In testimony whereof Ihave hereunto set plane Which intersects all of the planes in my hand inthe presence of tWo subscribing IO Whichdthe faces 3% 1the otlciieiilpaddllles are ar- Witnesses.

range sai a es an u s aving air I passages or pe i'forations therein,the air-pas- CLAY MORTON RUNYAN' sages through said hubs formingair-tubes Witnesses:

Which communicate With the air above and W. G. ALLEN,

below said dasher. D. T. ALGER.

